What are the penalties or fines for a prohibited transaction in my Self-Directed IRA or Self-Directed Solo 401(k)

Penalties for an IRA can be a distribution of the entire Self-Directed IRA. Penalties for a Solo 401(k) can be up to 15%

For Self-Directed IRAs

Unfortunately, the penalties for making a prohibited transaction in your Self-Directed IRA can be pretty stiff. It can be a total distribution of your IRA if you do not comply, which for a Traditional IRA, can mean increasing your taxable income by the entire value of the IRA. 

If you are below 59 1/2, this could mean paying an early distribution 10% penalty. 

It applies only to the IRA in question. If you commit a prohibited transaction in one IRA, the others will be safe from distribution. 

For Self-Directed 401(k)s

For Self-Directed 401(k)s, the penalty of 15% can apply to your plan for a prohibited transaction. Failure to comply or fix a mistake could mean the distribution of your entire program.